Our methodology

Every displayed metric is resolved from traceable observations. Missing data stays missing; we do not estimate it from another product.

Evidence and confidence (v1)

Independent and first-party tests can earn higher confidence when multiple sources support them. Manufacturer claims are always labelled low confidence. We currently have no first-party testing program.

Ranking (v1)

Lists use category-relevant published metrics, data completeness, and explicit editorial reasoning. Affiliate commission and click data are never ranking inputs.